Updated Feb 05, 2023 312-50v11 Exam Dumps - PDF Questions and Testing Engine
New (2023) EC-COUNCIL 312-50v11 Exam Dumps
Ending Notes
With the EC-Council 312-50v11 exam, one can gain industry significance as a skilled and seasoned ethical hacker. All the needed expertise can be earned effortlessly with this single test. But before you dream of career success, join training courses proffered by the certification vendor, refer to quality books found on Amazon, and master all the exam domains. This all is crucial to gain the confidence and expertise required for the big exam day.
NEW QUESTION 256
Abel, a cloud architect, uses container technology to deploy applications/software including all its dependencies, such as libraries and configuration files, binaries, and other resources that run independently from other processes in the cloud environment. For the containerization of applications, he follows the five-tier container technology architecture. Currently. Abel is verifying and validating image contents, signing images, and sending them to the registries. Which of the following tiers of the container technology architecture Is Abel currently working in?
- A. Tier-2: Testing and accreditation systems
- B. Tier-4: Orchestrators
- C. Tier-1: Developer machines
- D. Tier-3: Registries
Answer: A
Explanation:
The official management decision given by a senior agency official to authorize operation of an information system and to explicitly accept the risk to agency operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), agency assets, or individuals, based on the implementation of an agreed-upon set of security controls.
formal declaration by a designated accrediting authority (DAA) or principal accrediting authority (PAA) that an information system is approved to operate at an acceptable level of risk, based on the implementation of an approved set of technical, managerial, and procedural safeguards. See authorization to operate (ATO). Rationale: The Risk Management Framework uses a new term to refer to this concept, and it is called authorization.
Identifies the information resources covered by an accreditation decision, as distinguished from separately accredited information resources that are interconnected or with which information is exchanged via messaging. Synonymous with Security Perimeter.
For the purposes of identifying the Protection Level for confidentiality of a system to be accredited, the system has a conceptual boundary that extends to all intended users of the system, both directly and indirectly connected, who receive output from the system. See authorization boundary. Rationale: The Risk Management Framework uses a new term to refer to the concept of accreditation, and it is called authorization. Extrapolating, the accreditation boundary would then be referred to as the authorization boundary.
NEW QUESTION 257
Which Nmap switch helps evade IDS or firewalls?
- A. -n/-R
- B. -D
- C. -0N/-0X/-0G
- D. -T
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 258
You are tasked to perform a penetration test. While you are performing information gathering, you find an employee list in Google. You find the receptionist's email, and you send her an email changing the source email to her boss's email (boss@company). In this email, you ask for a pdf with information. She reads your email and sends back a pdf with links. You exchange the pdf links with your malicious links (these links contain malware) and send back the modified pdf, saying that the links don't work. She reads your email, opens the links, and her machine gets infected. You now have access to the company network. What testing method did you use?
- A. Piggybacking
- B. Eavesdropping
- C. Social engineering
- D. Tailgating
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 259
John, a professional hacker, targeted an organization that uses LDAP for accessing distributed directory services. He used an automated tool to anonymously query the IDAP service for sensitive information such as usernames. addresses, departmental details, and server names to launch further attacks on the target organization.
What is the tool employed by John to gather information from the IDAP service?
- A. Zabasearch
- B. jxplorer
- C. Ike-scan
- D. EarthExplorer
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
JXplorer could be a cross platform LDAP browser and editor. it's a standards compliant general purpose LDAP client which will be used to search, scan and edit any commonplace LDAP directory, or any directory service with an LDAP or DSML interface.
It is extremely flexible and can be extended and custom in a very number of the way. JXplorer is written in java, and also the source code and source code build system ar obtainable via svn or as a packaged build for users who wish to experiment or any develop the program.
JX is is available in 2 versions; the free open source version under an OSI Apache two style licence, or within the JXWorkBench Enterprise bundle with inbuilt reporting, administrative and security tools.
JX has been through a number of different versions since its creation in 1999; the foremost recent stable release is version 3.3.1, the August 2013 release.
JXplorer could be a absolutely useful LDAP consumer with advanced security integration and support for the harder and obscure elements of the LDAP protocol. it's been tested on Windows, Solaris, linux and OSX, packages are obtainable for HPUX, AIX, BSD and it should run on any java supporting OS.
NEW QUESTION 260
In this form of encryption algorithm, every individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm?
- A. AES
- B. Triple Data Encryption Standard
- C. MD5 encryption algorithm
- D. IDEA
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 261
A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet using a wireless access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but cannot successfully reach the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default gateway they are both on the
192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred?
- A. The gateway is not routing to a public IP address.
- B. The computer is not using a private IP address.
- C. The gateway and the computer are not on the same network.
- D. The computer is using an invalid IP address.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 262
You are a penetration tester tasked with testing the wireless network of your client Brakeme SA. You are attempting to break into the wireless network with the SSID "Brakeme-lnternal." You realize that this network uses WPA3 encryption, which of the following vulnerabilities is the promising to exploit?
- A. Dragonblood
- B. AP Myconfiguration
- C. Cross-site request forgery
- D. Key reinstallation attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Dragonblood allows an attacker in range of a password-protected Wi-Fi network to get the password and gain access to sensitive information like user credentials, emails and mastercard numbers. consistent with the published report:"The WPA3 certification aims to secure Wi-Fi networks, and provides several advantages over its predecessor WPA2, like protection against offline dictionary attacks and forward secrecy.
Unfortunately, we show that WPA3 is suffering from several design flaws, and analyze these flaws both theoretically and practically. Most prominently, we show that WPA3's Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) handshake, commonly referred to as Dragonfly, is suffering from password partitioning attacks."Our Wi-Fi researchers at WatchGuard are educating businesses globally that WPA3 alone won't stop the Wi-Fi hacks that allow attackers to steal information over the air (learn more in our recent blog post on the topic).
These Dragonblood vulnerabilities impact alittle amount of devices that were released with WPA3 support, and makers are currently making patches available. one among the most important takeaways for businesses of all sizes is to know that a long-term fix might not be technically feasible for devices with lightweight processing capabilities like IoT and embedded systems. Businesses got to consider adding products that enable a Trusted Wireless Environment for all kinds of devices and users alike.Recognizing that vulnerabilities like KRACK and Dragonblood require attackers to initiate these attacks by bringing an "Evil Twin" Access Point or a Rogue Access Point into a Wi-Fi environment, we've been that specialize in developing Wi-Fi security solutions that neutralize these threats in order that these attacks can never occur. The Trusted Wireless Environment framework protects against the "Evil Twin" Access Point and Rogue Access Point. one among these hacks is required to initiate the 2 downgrade or side-channel attacks referenced in Dragonblood.What's next? WPA3 is an improvement over WPA2 Wi-Fi encryption protocol, however, as we predicted, it still doesn't provide protection from the six known Wi-Fi threat categories. It's highly likely that we'll see more WPA3 vulnerabilities announced within the near future.To help reduce Wi-Fi vulnerabilities, we're asking all of you to hitch the Trusted Wireless Environment movement and advocate for a worldwide security standard for Wi-Fi.
NEW QUESTION 263
A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering that NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS? Starting NMAP 5.21 at 2011-03-15 11:06 NMAP scan report for 172.16.40.65 Host is up (1.00s latency). Not shown: 993 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 23/tcp open telnet 80/tcp open http 139/tcp open netbios-ssn
515/tcp open 631/tcp open ipp 9100/tcp open MAC Address: 00:00:48:0D:EE:8
- A. The host is likely a router.
- B. The host is likely a printer.
- C. The host is likely a Windows machine.
- D. The host is likely a Linux machine.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 264
Attacker Lauren has gained the credentials of an organization's internal server system, and she was often logging in during irregular times to monitor the network activities. The organization was skeptical about the login times and appointed security professional Robert to determine the issue. Robert analyzed the compromised device to find incident details such as the type of attack, its severity, target, impact, method of propagation, and vulnerabilities exploited. What is the incident handling and response (IH&R) phase, in which Robert has determined these issues?
- A. Eradication
- B. Incident triage
- C. Incident recording and assignment
- D. Preparation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Triage is that the initial post-detection incident response method any responder can execute to open an event or false positive. Structuring an efficient and correct triage method can reduce analyst fatigue, reduce time to reply to and right incidents, and ensure that solely valid alerts are promoted to "investigation or incident" status.
Every part of the triage method should be performed with urgency, as each second counts once in the inside of a crisis. However, triage responders face the intense challenge of filtering an unwieldy input supply into a condensed trickle of events. Here are some suggestions for expediting analysis before knowledge is validated:
* Organization: reduce redundant analysis by developing a workflow that may assign tasks to responders.
Avoid sharing an email box or email alias between multiple responders. Instead use a workflow tool, like those in security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR) solutions, to assign tasks.
Implement a method to re-assign or reject tasks that are out of scope for triage.
* Correlation: Use a tool like a security info and even management (SIEM) to mix similar events. Link potentially connected events into one useful event.
* Data Enrichment: automate common queries your responders perform daily, like reverse DNS lookups, threat intelligence lookups, and IP/domain mapping. Add this knowledge to the event record or make it simply accessible.
Moving full speed ahead is that the thanks to get through the initial sorting method however a a lot of detailed, measured approach is necessary throughout event verification. Presenting a robust case to be accurately evaluated by your security operations center (SOC) or cyber incident response team (CIRT) analysts is key.
Here are many tips for the verification:
* Adjacent Data: Check the data adjacent to the event. for example, if an end has a virus signature hit, look to visualize if there's proof the virus is running before career for more response metrics.
* Intelligence Review: understand the context around the intelligence. simply because an ip address was flagged as a part of a botnet last week doesn't mean it still is an element of a botnet today.
* Initial Priority: Align with operational incident priorities and classify incidents appropriately. ensure the right level of effort is applied to every incident.
* Cross Analysis: look for and analyze potentially shared keys, like science addresses or domain names, across multiple knowledge sources for higher knowledge acurity.
NEW QUESTION 265
What is the role of test automation in security testing?
- A. It can accelerate benchmark tests and repeat them with a consistent test setup. But it cannot replace manual testing completely.
- B. It is an option but it tends to be very expensive.
- C. Test automation is not usable in security due to the complexity of the tests.
- D. It should be used exclusively. Manual testing is outdated because of low speed and possible test setup inconsistencies.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 266
Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and organizations?
- A. EU Safe Harbor
- B. NIST-800-53
- C. PCI-DSS
- D. HIPAA
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 267
Susan, a software developer, wants her web API to update other applications with the latest information. For this purpose, she uses a user-defined HTTP tailback or push APIs that are raised based on trigger events: when invoked, this feature supplies data to other applications so that users can instantly receive real-time Information.
Which of the following techniques is employed by Susan?
- A. Webhooks
- B. SOAP API
- C. web shells
- D. REST API
Answer: A
Explanation:
Webhooks are one of a few ways internet applications will communicate with one another.
It allows you to send real-time data from one application to another whenever a given event happens.
For example, let's say you've created an application using the Foursquare API that tracks when people check into your restaurant. You ideally wish to be able to greet customers by name and provide a complimentary drink when they check in.
What a webhook will is notify you any time someone checks in, therefore you'd be able to run any processes that you simply had in your application once this event is triggered.
The data is then sent over the web from the application wherever the event originally occurred, to the receiving application that handles the data.
Here's a visual representation of what that looks like:
A webhook url is provided by the receiving application, and acts as a phone number that the other application will call once an event happens.
Only it's more complicated than a phone number, because data about the event is shipped to the webhook url in either JSON or XML format. this is known as the "payload." Here's an example of what a webhook url looks like with the payload it's carrying:
What are Webhooks? Webhooks are user-defined HTTP callback or push APIs that are raised based on events triggered, such as comment received on a post and pushing code to the registry. A webhook allows an application to update other applications with the latest information. Once invoked, it supplies data to the other applications, which means that users instantly receive real-time information. Webhooks are sometimes called "Reverse APIs" as they provide what is required for API specification, and the developer should create an API to use a webhook. A webhook is an API concept that is also used to send text messages and notifications to mobile numbers or email addresses from an application when a specific event is triggered. For instance, if you search for something in the online store and the required item is out of stock, you click on the "Notify me" bar to get an alert from the application when that item is available for purchase. These notifications from the applications are usually sent through webhooks.
NEW QUESTION 268
A DDOS attack is performed at layer 7 to take down web infrastructure. Partial HTTP requests are sent to the web infrastructure or applications. Upon receiving a partial request, the target servers opens multiple connections and keeps waiting for the requests to complete.
Which attack is being described here?
- A. Slowloris attack
- B. Session splicing
- C. Desynchronization
- D. Phlashing
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Developed by Robert "RSnake" Hansen, Slowloris is DDoS attack software that permits one computer to require down an internet server. Due the straightforward yet elegant nature of this attack, it requires minimal bandwidth to implement and affects the target server's web server only, with almost no side effects on other services and ports.Slowloris has proven highly-effective against many popular sorts of web server software, including Apache 1.x and 2.x.Over the years, Slowloris has been credited with variety of high-profile server takedowns. Notably, it had been used extensively by Iranian 'hackivists' following the 2009 Iranian presidential election to attack Iranian government internet sites .Slowloris works by opening multiple connections to the targeted web server and keeping them open as long as possible. It does this by continuously sending partial HTTP requests, none of which are ever completed. The attacked servers open more and connections open, expecting each of the attack requests to be completed.Periodically, the Slowloris sends subsequent HTTP headers for every request, but never actually completes the request. Ultimately, the targeted server's maximum concurrent connection pool is filled, and extra (legitimate) connection attempts are denied.By sending partial, as against malformed, packets, Slowloris can easily elapse traditional Intrusion Detection systems.Named after a kind of slow-moving Asian primate, Slowloris really does win the race by moving slowly and steadily. A Slowloris attack must await sockets to be released by legitimate requests before consuming them one by one.For a high-volume internet site , this will take a while . the method are often further slowed if legitimate sessions are reinitiated. But within the end, if the attack is unmitigated, Slowloris-like the tortoise-wins the race.If undetected or unmitigated, Slowloris attacks also can last for long periods of your time . When attacked sockets outing , Slowloris simply reinitiates the connections, continuing to reach the online server until mitigated.Designed for stealth also as efficacy, Slowloris are often modified to send different host headers within the event that a virtual host is targeted, and logs are stored separately for every virtual host.More importantly, within the course of an attack, Slowloris are often set to suppress log file creation. this suggests the attack can catch unmonitored servers off-guard, with none red flags appearing in log file entries.Methods of mitigationImperva's security services are enabled by reverse proxy technology, used for inspection of all incoming requests on their thanks to the clients' servers.Imperva's secured proxy won't forward any partial connection requests-rendering all Slowloris DDoS attack attempts completely and utterly useless.
NEW QUESTION 269
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the "dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server.
What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?
- A. SQL injection
- B. Cross-site scripting
- C. Denial of service
- D. Directory traversal
Answer: D
Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker. Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogs and execute orders outside of the web worker's root registry.
Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker's manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights.
The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept. Clients can't get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:\Inetpub\wwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn't approach C:\Windows yet approaches C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\news and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:\WINDOWS/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages.
This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework.
What an assailant can do if your site is defenseless
With a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with "the site". Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application code In web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server's file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com This will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it to the user. The expression ../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as an operating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to find the Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web server
Apart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks. The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server.
The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks. Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\ HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C:\ directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c:\ in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character \.
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through. Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.
NEW QUESTION 270
You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5.
You would like to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best Nmap command you will use?
- A. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
- B. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
- C. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
- D. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 271
Attacker Simon targeted the communication network of an organization and disabled the security controls of NetNTLMvl by modifying the values of LMCompatibilityLevel, NTLMMinClientSec, and RestrictSendingNTLMTraffic. He then extracted all the non-network logon tokens from all the active processes to masquerade as a legitimate user to launch further attacks. What is the type of attack performed by Simon?
- A. Dictionary attack
- B. Rainbow table attack
- C. Internal monologue attack
- D. Combinator attack
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 272
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